Potensi, Tantangan, dan Strategi Pengembangan Varietas Padi Lokal Sumatera Barat: Literature Review dan Analisis Bibliometrik
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Abstract
Padi sebagai sumber utama beras memiliki peran strategis dalam ketahanan pangan nasional, namun penurunan luas lahan dan fluktuasi produktivitas meningkatkan risiko ketergantungan terhadap varietas homogen berdaya hasil tinggi. Dalam konteks tersebut, padi lokal berpotensi menjadi sumber daya genetik adaptif yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi, tantangan, dan arah pengembangan padi lokal Sumatera Barat melalui studi literatur terstruktur yang ditelusuri melalui beberapa pangkalan data/sumber literatur ilmiah, seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, Crossref, dan ResearchGate dalam rentang tahun 2010–2025 dan analisis bibliometrik menggunakan VOSviewer. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa padi lokal memiliki keragaman genetik tinggi, ketahanan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik, serta mutu beras khas yang bernilai ekonomi. Meskipun produktivitasnya umumnya lebih rendah dibandingkan varietas unggul baru, stabilitas hasil dan potensi perbaikan genetik menjadikannya sumber gen penting dalam pemuliaan dan pengembangan varietas spesifik lokasi. Analisis bibliometrik mengungkap bahwa penelitian masih didominasi oleh aspek eksplorasi dan karakterisasi, sementara integrasi hulu–hilir dan pendekatan agribisnis berkelanjutan masih terbatas. Studi ini menegaskan perlunya strategi pengembangan terintegrasi berbasis konservasi, inovasi budidaya, diversifikasi produk, dan penguatan rantai nilai untuk memperkuat kemandirian pangan dan keberlanjutan sistem produksi beras nasional.
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How to Cite
Alfi, H., Aflizar, A., Fajri, F., Siregar, I. M. D., Husna, E., Sitanggang, A., & Pratiwi, N. A. (2026). Potensi, Tantangan, dan Strategi Pengembangan Varietas Padi Lokal Sumatera Barat: Literature Review dan Analisis Bibliometrik. Agroteknika, 9(3), 778-795. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i3.709
References
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Alfi, H., Warman, B., Suliansyah, I., Swasti, E., & Sobrizal, S. (2015). Genetic Improvement in West Sumatera Landraces to get The Early Maturing Mutants by Induced Mutations. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 5(5). https://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/562
Andryan, R., Junaedi, A., Purwono., Prasetyo, L. B., Nurrahma, A. H. I. (2024). Optimizing Cultivation System And Pest Management in Different Types Of Rice Varieties. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 52(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v52i2.54078
Syarif, A. A., & Zen, S. (2012). Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Delapan Varietas Lokal Padi Sawah. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 18(2). https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/53358-ID-adaptasi-dan-stabilitas-hasil-delapan-va.pdf
Chaniago, N. (2019). Potensi Gen-Gen Ketahanan Cekaman Biotik Dan Abiotik Pada Padi Lokal Indonesia: A Review. Agriland Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 7(2). https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/agriland/article/view/2010/1430
Ediwirman, E. (2021). The Growth Response And Results Of Local Upland Rice. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika, 3(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v3i2.1453
Ezward, C., Suliansyah, I., Rozen, N., & Dwipa, I. (2023). Broad Level of Diversity and Low Level of Kinship Local Rice Genotypes. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 13(5), 1788–1798. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.5.18687
Fiantis, D., Gusnidar., Malone, B., Pallasser, R., Ranst, E. V., & Minasny, B. (2017). Geochemical fingerprinting of Volcanic Soils Used for Wetland Rice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Geoderma Regional, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.04.004
Gusmiatun, G., Palmasari, B., & Saputra, A. (2024). Peningkatan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal di Lahan Pasang Surut. Klorofil: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agroteknologi, 19(2). https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/klorofil/article/view/9361
Handayani, A. (2020). Identifikasi Sistem Tanam Dan Varietas Padi Yang Dikembangkan Petani Di Kabupaten Pemalang. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 18(1), 13–23. https://ejournal.jatengprov.go.id/index.php/jurnaljateng/article/view/803
Hendriawan, F., Akhir, N., & Yusniwati, Y. (2019). Exploration and Characterization of Local Glutinous Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L. Var. Glutinosa) three Regencies in west Sumatra. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.33
Illahi, A. K., Kurniasih, D., Sari, D. A., & Karmaita, Y. (2023). Uji Perkecambahan Benih Kultivar Padi Lokal Asal Sumatera Barat. Sinta Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.37638/sinta.4.2.193-198
Marwan, A. P., Munandar, A., Anwar, A., Syarif, A., & Dewi Hayati, P. K. (2022). Variability, heritability, and performance of 28 West Sumatran upland rice cultivars, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230249
Nurnayetti, & Atman. (2013). Keunggulan Kompetitif Padi Sawah Varietas Lokal di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 16(2). https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/1968
Paiman, Isnawan, B. H., Aziez, A. F., Subeni, & Salisu, M. A. (2022). The Role of Agronomic Factors in Salibu Rice Cultivation Abstract : The Open Agriculture Journal, 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v16-e2112170
Pohan, S. D., Sukiran, N. L., Jamsari, J., Yusri, N. S. M., Nahar, S. M., & Shamsudin, N. A. A. (2025). Molecular Characterization of Rice Blast Fungus ( Pyricularia Oryzae ) from West Sumatra and Their Virulence to Several Rice Cultivars. Plant Science Today, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6132
Pohan, S. D., Sukiran, N. L., Yusri, N. S. M., Nahar, S. M., & Shamsudin, N. A. A. S. (2024). The Evaluation of Blast Resistance and Submergence Tolerance of New Breeding Rice (Oryza sativa L .) Lines Developed Through. Malaysian Applied Biology, 53(5). https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i5.3186
Putri, R. E., Ifmalinda, & Elisa, N. (2021). Evaluasi Mutu Fisik Dan Nilai Gizi Parboiling Rice Varietas Cisokan Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v10i1.1501
Rahmatullah, Y. A., Syamsuardi, S., & Maideliza, T. (2024). Authentication and Potential Analysis of Landrace Rice From Solok Region Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(2). https://jurnalfkip.unram.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/view/6849
Rudiansyah, & Intara, Y. I. (2015). Identifikasi Kultivar Lokal Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Kalimantan Timur Bedasarkan Karakter Agronomi dan Morfologi. Agrovivor, 8(2). https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/agrovigor/article/view/981
Salfiati, Putra, O., & Ediwirman. (2024). Adaptasi padi sawah lokal asal Sumatera Barat pada pertumbuhan, hasil, dan ketahanan hama dan penyakit. Jurnal Agrotek UMMAT, 11(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v11i1.20504
Sari, H. P., Suliansyah, I., Hervani, D., & Dwipa, I. (2023). Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Morfologi Keragaman Genetik Plasma Nutfah Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 25(3), 2760–2771. https://e-journal.janabadra.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/view/3294
Septaria, V., Kasim, M., Suliansyah, I., Syarif, A., & Juniarti, J. (2023). Exploration and Characterization of Grain Morphology and Rice (caryopsis) Genotypes of Local Rice in Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(3), 528–539. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5010
Sitaresmi, T., Wening, R. H., Rakhmi, A. T., Yunani, N., & Susanto, U. (2013). Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Padi Varietas Lokal dalam Perakitan Varietas Unggul. IPTEK TANAMAN PANGAN, 8(1), 22-30. https://www.academia.edu/77406493/Pemanfaatan_Plasma_Nutfah_Padi_Varietas_Lokal_dalam_Perakitan_Varietas_Unggul
Suliansyah, I., Yusniwati, & Dwipa, I. (2018). Genetic Diversity and Association Amongst West Sumatra Brown Rice Genotype Based On Morphological and Molecular Markers. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(2) . https://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/1944
Sumilah, Syarif, A., & Swasti, E. (2024). The Diversity of Local Rice Varieties with Specific West Sumatra Flavor Based on Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Components. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1306. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012008
Utami, I., Rusmana, R., Eris, F. R., Sjaifuddin, S., & Susiyanti. (2019). Physical properties on Indonesian local rice varieties. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 383. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/383/1/012026
Warman, B., Alfi, H., & Veronice. (2023). Quality of M-5 Agronomy Characteristics of Black Rice Induction Mutation to Get a Short Rods. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1). https://ijmmu.com/index.php/ijmmu/article/view/4256
Zen, S., & Syarif, A. A. (2013). Peluang Perbaikan Varietas Lokal Padi Gogo Pasaman Barat. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 19(1), 1–8. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/58299-ID-peluang-perbaikan-varietas-lokal-padi-go.pdf
Zulkarnaini, Suliansyah, I., Gusmini, & Yasin, S. (2025). Assessment of the Tolerance of Various Indigenous Rice Varieties on West Sumatra Peatlands. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 73(2). https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2025.009
Alfi, H., Warman, B., Murti, K., Fajri, & Karo, M. K. (2018). Toleransi Padi Mutan Harapan Hasil Perbaikan Genetik Padi Lokal Melalui Mutasi Induksi Terhadap Keracunan Fe. Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 80–85. http://repository.ppnp.ac.id/1372/
Alfi, H., Warman, B., Suliansyah, I., Swasti, E., & Sobrizal, S. (2015). Genetic Improvement in West Sumatera Landraces to get The Early Maturing Mutants by Induced Mutations. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 5(5). https://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/562
Andryan, R., Junaedi, A., Purwono., Prasetyo, L. B., Nurrahma, A. H. I. (2024). Optimizing Cultivation System And Pest Management in Different Types Of Rice Varieties. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 52(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v52i2.54078
Syarif, A. A., & Zen, S. (2012). Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Delapan Varietas Lokal Padi Sawah. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 18(2). https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/53358-ID-adaptasi-dan-stabilitas-hasil-delapan-va.pdf
Chaniago, N. (2019). Potensi Gen-Gen Ketahanan Cekaman Biotik Dan Abiotik Pada Padi Lokal Indonesia: A Review. Agriland Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 7(2). https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/agriland/article/view/2010/1430
Ediwirman, E. (2021). The Growth Response And Results Of Local Upland Rice. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika, 3(2), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.36378/juatika.v3i2.1453
Ezward, C., Suliansyah, I., Rozen, N., & Dwipa, I. (2023). Broad Level of Diversity and Low Level of Kinship Local Rice Genotypes. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 13(5), 1788–1798. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.13.5.18687
Fiantis, D., Gusnidar., Malone, B., Pallasser, R., Ranst, E. V., & Minasny, B. (2017). Geochemical fingerprinting of Volcanic Soils Used for Wetland Rice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Geoderma Regional, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.04.004
Gusmiatun, G., Palmasari, B., & Saputra, A. (2024). Peningkatan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal di Lahan Pasang Surut. Klorofil: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agroteknologi, 19(2). https://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/klorofil/article/view/9361
Handayani, A. (2020). Identifikasi Sistem Tanam Dan Varietas Padi Yang Dikembangkan Petani Di Kabupaten Pemalang. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 18(1), 13–23. https://ejournal.jatengprov.go.id/index.php/jurnaljateng/article/view/803
Hendriawan, F., Akhir, N., & Yusniwati, Y. (2019). Exploration and Characterization of Local Glutinous Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L. Var. Glutinosa) three Regencies in west Sumatra. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.45.33
Illahi, A. K., Kurniasih, D., Sari, D. A., & Karmaita, Y. (2023). Uji Perkecambahan Benih Kultivar Padi Lokal Asal Sumatera Barat. Sinta Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.37638/sinta.4.2.193-198
Marwan, A. P., Munandar, A., Anwar, A., Syarif, A., & Dewi Hayati, P. K. (2022). Variability, heritability, and performance of 28 West Sumatran upland rice cultivars, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230249
Nurnayetti, & Atman. (2013). Keunggulan Kompetitif Padi Sawah Varietas Lokal di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 16(2). https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/1968
Paiman, Isnawan, B. H., Aziez, A. F., Subeni, & Salisu, M. A. (2022). The Role of Agronomic Factors in Salibu Rice Cultivation Abstract : The Open Agriculture Journal, 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v16-e2112170
Pohan, S. D., Sukiran, N. L., Jamsari, J., Yusri, N. S. M., Nahar, S. M., & Shamsudin, N. A. A. (2025). Molecular Characterization of Rice Blast Fungus ( Pyricularia Oryzae ) from West Sumatra and Their Virulence to Several Rice Cultivars. Plant Science Today, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.6132
Pohan, S. D., Sukiran, N. L., Yusri, N. S. M., Nahar, S. M., & Shamsudin, N. A. A. S. (2024). The Evaluation of Blast Resistance and Submergence Tolerance of New Breeding Rice (Oryza sativa L .) Lines Developed Through. Malaysian Applied Biology, 53(5). https://doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v53i5.3186
Putri, R. E., Ifmalinda, & Elisa, N. (2021). Evaluasi Mutu Fisik Dan Nilai Gizi Parboiling Rice Varietas Cisokan Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v10i1.1501
Rahmatullah, Y. A., Syamsuardi, S., & Maideliza, T. (2024). Authentication and Potential Analysis of Landrace Rice From Solok Region Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(2). https://jurnalfkip.unram.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/view/6849
Rudiansyah, & Intara, Y. I. (2015). Identifikasi Kultivar Lokal Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Kalimantan Timur Bedasarkan Karakter Agronomi dan Morfologi. Agrovivor, 8(2). https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/agrovigor/article/view/981
Salfiati, Putra, O., & Ediwirman. (2024). Adaptasi padi sawah lokal asal Sumatera Barat pada pertumbuhan, hasil, dan ketahanan hama dan penyakit. Jurnal Agrotek UMMAT, 11(1), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v11i1.20504
Sari, H. P., Suliansyah, I., Hervani, D., & Dwipa, I. (2023). Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Morfologi Keragaman Genetik Plasma Nutfah Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Lokal Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jurnal Pertanian Agros, 25(3), 2760–2771. https://e-journal.janabadra.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/view/3294
Septaria, V., Kasim, M., Suliansyah, I., Syarif, A., & Juniarti, J. (2023). Exploration and Characterization of Grain Morphology and Rice (caryopsis) Genotypes of Local Rice in Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(3), 528–539. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5010
Sitaresmi, T., Wening, R. H., Rakhmi, A. T., Yunani, N., & Susanto, U. (2013). Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Padi Varietas Lokal dalam Perakitan Varietas Unggul. IPTEK TANAMAN PANGAN, 8(1), 22-30. https://www.academia.edu/77406493/Pemanfaatan_Plasma_Nutfah_Padi_Varietas_Lokal_dalam_Perakitan_Varietas_Unggul
Suliansyah, I., Yusniwati, & Dwipa, I. (2018). Genetic Diversity and Association Amongst West Sumatra Brown Rice Genotype Based On Morphological and Molecular Markers. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(2) . https://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php/ijaseit/article/view/1944
Sumilah, Syarif, A., & Swasti, E. (2024). The Diversity of Local Rice Varieties with Specific West Sumatra Flavor Based on Agronomic Characteristics and Yield Components. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1306. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1306/1/012008
Utami, I., Rusmana, R., Eris, F. R., Sjaifuddin, S., & Susiyanti. (2019). Physical properties on Indonesian local rice varieties. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 383. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/383/1/012026
Warman, B., Alfi, H., & Veronice. (2023). Quality of M-5 Agronomy Characteristics of Black Rice Induction Mutation to Get a Short Rods. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1). https://ijmmu.com/index.php/ijmmu/article/view/4256
Zen, S., & Syarif, A. A. (2013). Peluang Perbaikan Varietas Lokal Padi Gogo Pasaman Barat. Buletin Plasma Nutfah, 19(1), 1–8. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/58299-ID-peluang-perbaikan-varietas-lokal-padi-go.pdf
Zulkarnaini, Suliansyah, I., Gusmini, & Yasin, S. (2025). Assessment of the Tolerance of Various Indigenous Rice Varieties on West Sumatra Peatlands. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 73(2). https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun.2025.009