Keamanan Tanaman Herbal Pekarangan pada Wilayah Urban dan Semi-Rural: Studi Awal Kontaminasi Pb-Cd dan Persepsi Rumah Tangga
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Abstract
Tanaman herbal pekarangan merupakan bagian penting dari sistem pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia, namun keamanannya berpotensi dipengaruhi oleh kontaminasi logam berat akibat aktivitas antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) pada kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan serai (Cymbopogon citratus) yang dibudidayakan di Sumatera Barat, serta mengidentifikasi persepsi rumah tangga terhadap keamanan tanaman herbal. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan terhadap empat sampel tanaman individual yang terdiri atas dua sampel kunyit dan dua sampel serai dari Kota Padang dan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) mengacu pada AOAC Official Method 999.10. Data persepsi rumah tangga diperoleh melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap 10 informan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pb dan Cd terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel pada konsentrasi di atas batas deteksi metode, dengan tingkat kontaminasi yang bervariasi. Kadar Pb pada seluruh sampel masih berada di bawah Batas Maksimal Cemaran (BMC), sedangkan kadar Cd pada kunyit dari Kota Padang mencapai 1,2744 mg/kg, melebihi batas maksimum yang ditetapkan sebesar 1 mg/kg. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga di wilayah urban (perkotaan) lebih berorientasi pada penanganan pascapanen, sedangkan rumah tangga di wilayah semi-rural (perdesaan transisional) lebih mengandalkan kondisi lingkungan budidaya sebagai indikator keamanan tanaman. Meskipun demikian, persepsi rumah tangga belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan hasil analisis laboratorium. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keamanan tanaman herbal pekarangan tidak hanya berkaitan dengan tingkat kontaminasi logam berat, tetapi juga dengan persepsi dan praktik rumah tangga dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan tanaman herbal. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi analisis laboratorium dan aspek sosial dalam mendukung pengelolaan keamanan pangan berbasis pekarangan.
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How to Cite
Dendi, R., Azni, S. S., Wahyono, E., & Azni, U. S. (2026). Keamanan Tanaman Herbal Pekarangan pada Wilayah Urban dan Semi-Rural: Studi Awal Kontaminasi Pb-Cd dan Persepsi Rumah Tangga. Agroteknika, 9(3), 622-640. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v9i3.787
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Żukowska, G., Chomczyńska, M., & Myszura, M. (2021). Influence of diversified anthropogenic pressure on heavy metals contents in soils and plants of garden allotments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1736(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1736/1/012055
Agesti, A. R. A., Ariyanti, N. S., Chikmawati, T., & Purwanto, Y. (2023). Ethnobotany of food plants used by Minangkabau community in Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240529
Aithani, D., & Kushawaha, J. (2023). Heavy Metals Contamination in Environment (pp. 15–30). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119853589.ch2
Biswas, H. S., & Poddar, S. (2024). Heavy Metals in Foodstuffs: Presence, Bioaccumulation, Origins, Health Risk, and Remediation (pp. 85–99). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1618-4.ch004
Chen, Y.-G., He, X. L. S., Huang, J. H., Luo, R., Ge, H. Z., Wołowicz, A., …, & Chen, S. H. (2021). Impacts of heavy metals and medicinal crops on ecological systems, environmental pollution, cultivation, and production processes in China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 219, 112336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112336
Estiasih, T., Maligan, J. M., Witoyo, J. E., Mu’alim, A. A. H., Ahmadi, K., Mahatmanto, T., & Zubaidah, E. (2025). Indonesian traditional herbal drinks: Diversity, processing, and health benefits. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-025-00267-5
European Commission. (2021). Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1317 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of lead in certain foodstuffs. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R1317
European Commission. (2023). Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food. EUR-Lex. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R0915
Gleason, K., Shine, J. P., Shobnam, N., Rokoff, L. B., Suchanda, H. S., Hasan, M. O. S. I., …, & Mazumdar, M. (2014). Contaminated turmeric is a potential source of lead exposure for children in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2014(1), 730636. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/730636
Hanum, G. R., Wahyudhi, S. D. Y., & Mauliana, M. I. (2024). Analisis kandungan logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada petani di Desa Kedungrejo Kecamatan Megaluh Jombang berdasarkan masa kerja. Jurnal Insan Cendekia, 11(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.35874/jic.v11i2.1405
Hore, P., Alex-Oni, K., Sedlar, S., & Nagin, D. (2019). A spoonful of lead: A 10-year look at spices as a potential source of lead exposure. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 25(Suppl. 1), S63–S70. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000876
Hussain, M. A., Li, L., Kalu, A., Wu, X., & Naumovski, N. (2025). Sustainable food security and nutritional challenges. Sustainability, 17(3), 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030874
Irianti, T., Kuswandi, Nuranto, S., & Budiyatni, A. (2017). Logam Berat dan Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328979897_Logam_Berat_dan_Kesehatan
Iskandar, M. I., Noviana, L., & Febrina, L. (2025). Analisis cemaran logam berat dalam tanaman obat menggunakan metode spektrofotometer serapan atom: Studi kasus Curcuma xanth di kawasan industri Jakarta. College Journal on Food, Nutrition, Industrial, and Environmental Excellence, 1(1), 42–47. https://jurnal.usahid.ac.id/cjfine/article/view/3208
Izquierdo, M., Miguel, E. D., Ortega, M. F., & Mingot, J. (2015). Bioaccessibility of metals and human health risk assessment in urban gardens. Chemosphere, 135, 312–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.079
Luo, L., Wang, C., Jiang, J., Fitzgerald, M., Huang, Q., Yu, Z., …, & Chen, S. (2021). Heavy Metal Contaminations in Herbal Medicines: Determination, Comprehensive Risk Assessments, and Solutions. Front. Pharmacol., 11, 691984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.595335
Pelfrêne, A., Douay, F., Richard, A., Roussel, H., & Girondelot, B. (2013). Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants living near a former lead smelter. Part 2: site-specific human health risk assessment of Cd and Pb contamination in kitchen gardens. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 185(4), 527–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2767-x
Petukhov, A. S., Kremleva, T. A., Petukhova, G. A., & Khritokhin, N. A. (2020). Translocation of heavy metals in herbs under urban anthropogenic pollution conditions. Environmental Processes, 7(4), 1173–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40710-020-00470-3
Rai, P. K., Lee, S. S., Zhang, M., Tsang, Y. F., & Kim, K.-H. (2019). Heavy metals in food crops: Health risks, fate, mechanisms, and management. Environment International, 125, 365–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.067 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018327971
Rodiana, Y., Masitoh, S., Maulana, H., & Murhasni, N. (2013). Pengkajian metode untuk analisis total logam berat dalam sedimen menggunakan microwave digestion. Jurnal Ecolab, 7(2), 49–108. https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2013.7.2.71-80
Rohmah, M. N. (2024). Pemanfaatan dan kandungan kunyit (Curcuma domestica) sebagai obat dalam perspektif Islam. Journal of Islamic Integration Science and Technology, 2(1), 178–186. https://doi.org/10.18860/es.v2i1.18151
Roy, S. (2019). Cadmium accumulation in crops and the increasing risk of dietary cadmium exposure: An overview 247–254. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815794-7.00009-6 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/edited-volume/abs/pii/B9780128157947000096
Rusmalina, S., Wati, E. R., Khasanah, K., & Madusari, B. D. (2023). Analisis kuantitatif cemaran logam pada produk inovasi sediaan jamu serbuk instan kunyit asam melalui pembentukan kompleks logam-ditizone. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 2(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.31941/benzena.v2i01.2383
Sahu, R., Soni, S., Tekade, M., Bharti, A., Singh, N. K., & Tekade, R. K. (2026). Public perception of herbal medicines. Biomolecular and Safety Considerations of Phytopharmaceutical, (pp. 366–386). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003546634-18
Said, N. I. (2010). Metoda penghilangan logam berat (As, Cd, Cr, Ag, Cu, Pb, Ni dan Zn) di dalam air limbah industri. Jurnal Air Indonesia, 6(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.29122/jai.v6i2.2464
Sukarno, N., Lelandi, R., Qayim, I., & Amelya, M. P. (2022). Karakteristik mikoriza arbuskula tanaman serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) di lapangan ternaungi dan tidak ternaungi. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 27(1), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.1.109
Sulastri, Y. S., Purba, E., & Tampubolon, K. (2019). Evaluasi kemampuan beberapa jenis tanaman sebagai fitoremediasi logam berat kadmium. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpt.v6i1.3041
Wulandari, E. A., & Sukesi. (2013). Preparasi Penentuan Kadar Logam Pb, Cd dan Cu dalam Nugget Ayam Rumput Laut Merah (Eucheuma cottonii). Jurnal Sains Dan Seni Pom Its, 2(2), 12–14. https://www.neliti.com/publications/16016/download/14091
Yadav, K., Kumar, D., Gupta, A. K., Gupta, B., Tyagi, P., Sharma, A., & Chaitanya, A. K. (2025). Heavy metals contamination and their phytoremediation in soil and water for sustainable environmental restoration. Discover Environment, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00390-9
Ziss, E., Friesl-Hanl, W., Götzinger, S., Noller, C., Puschenreiter, M., Watzinger, A., & Hood-Nowotny, R. (2021). Exploring the potential risk of heavy metal pollution of edible cultivated plants in urban gardening contexts using a citizen science approach (Heavy Metal City-Zen). Sustainability, 13(15), 8626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158626
Żukowska, G., Chomczyńska, M., & Myszura, M. (2021). Influence of diversified anthropogenic pressure on heavy metals contents in soils and plants of garden allotments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1736(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1736/1/012055